Professional Standards and SOPs in Legal Protection and Medical Service Quality in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.6.1.2026.1059Keywords:
Legal Protection, Lex Specialis, Medical Personnel, Professional StandardsAbstract
Medical professionals face increasing legal challenges due to allegations of malpractice, highlighting the need for clear legal protection mechanisms. This study aims to provide legal protection for medical professionals who deliver medical services in accordance with professional standards and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), based on a case study of the Makassar District Court Decision Number 1441/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Mks. The research employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach and doctrinal analysis of the court decision. Data sources consist of primary and secondary legal materials, which are analyzed descriptively, comparatively, and interpretatively. The findings indicate that the defendant was acquitted of all charges due to a lack of legally convincing evidence of a law violation and the absence of a final decision from the Indonesian Medical Disciplinary Honorary Council regarding professional misconduct. The application of the principle lex specialis derogat legi generali serves as the legal basis, establishing that Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice takes precedence over general criminal provisions, such as Article 360 of the Indonesian Criminal Code. The study concludes that medical personnel should receive legal protection as long as medical actions are performed in accordance with applicable professional standards, operational procedures, and professional ethics.
Downloads
References
Almaida, Z., & Imanullah, M. N. (2021). Perlindungan hukum preventif dan represif bagi pengguna uang elektronik dalam melakukan transaksi tol nontunai. Privat Law, 9(1), 218–226.
Bakri, R., & Jeddawi, M. (2022). Analisis indeks negara hukum Indonesia (Indonesia’s of law state index analysis). Pallangga Praja, 4(2), 107–115.
Betlehem, A. D. T., & Redi, A. (2025). Legal updates to the disciplinary sanctions mechanism for medical and health workers in Article 308 of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning health. Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences, 3(3), 1302–1311.
Damayanti, L. Z., Suriaatmadja, T. T., & Lucyati, A. (2023). Legal protection in medical disputes for doctors in relation to the principle of lex specialist. Intellectual Law Review (ILRE), 1(2), 66-80.
Dewi, F. P. K. (2019). Legal protection for doctor who performs medical treatments that lead patient to death. Rechtsidee, 6(1), 6–17.
Firma, F. R., Jusri, E., & Sapsudin, A. (2025). Comparative review of informed consent as a legal safeguard in healthcare: Perspectives from Indonesia and other countries. Research Horizon, 5(4), 1265–1280.
Habibi, N., Anwar, D. A., & Suparman, O. (2025). Legal protection of inpatients in clinic in improving complete health services. Research Horizon, 5(4), 1611–1622.
Hadjon, P. M. (1987). Perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat di Indonesia: Sebuah studi tentang prinsip-prinsipnya, penanganannya oleh pengadilan dalam lingkungan peradilan umum dan pembentukan peradilan administrasi negara. Gresik: Bina Ilmu.
Kwinda, M., Labuschaigne, M., & Slabbert, M. (2022). Disciplinary proceedings against healthcare practitioners facing criminal charges: The role of the Health Professions Council of South Africa. South African Journal of Bioethics and Law, 15(2), 44–47.
Najla, T. A., & Kansil, C. S. T. (2024). Perlindungan hukum atas hak kesehatan warga negara: Tanggung jawab negara dalam sistem kesehatan nasional. Jerumi: Journal of Education Religion Humanities and Multidiciplinary, 2(2), 1425–1432.
Natalia, K., Seko, S., & Soa, A. H. (2025). The legal ratio of resolving criminal acts through the professional disciplinary council within the health law system. Jurnal Hukum to-ra: Hukum untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat, 11(3), 601–609.
Nebi, O. (2024). Analisis upaya preventif dan represif penegakan hukum pidana terhadap kekerasan anak di wilayah hukum Kepolisian Sektor Kota Jambi. Parlementer: Jurnal Studi Hukum dan Administrasi Publik, 1(3), 206–217.
Nurchasanah, N., Sakti, M., & Nugroho, A. A. (2025). Juridical analysis of law number 17 of 2023 concerning health on legal protection for medical and health personnel. Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 4(2), 2348–2356.
Pramesuari, F. D., & Agus, A. S. S. (2023). Hak dan tanggung jawab dokter dalam melakukan tindakan medis. Jurnal Hukum dan HAM West Science, 2(9), 702–720.
Raharjo, S. (2000). Ilmu hukum. Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti.
Rahma, A., & Prayuti, Y. (2025). Legal implications of Law Number 17 of 2023 on health for SOPs and risk management in hospitals. Research Horizon, 5(6), 2977–2986.
Rosnida, R., Akbar, M. A., AM, M. A. A., Irabiah, I., Haerani, Y., & Sari, P. (2025). Legal protection of health workers in emergency medical procedures: An analysis of legal certainty in Indonesia and Thailand. Jurnal Ius Constituendum, 11(1), 87–105.
Scott, R. W. (2013). Legal, ethical, and practical aspects of patient care documentation: A guide for rehabilitation professionals. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Setyawati, N. B., & Herman, K. M. S. (2025). The complexity of health professional ethics from a legal and regulatory perspective. Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences, 3(2), 641–648.
Sijabat, H. H., & Widjaja, G. (2025). Hospital law: A comprehensive review of operational aspects, management, and legal responsibilities of hospitals in the context of health services and legal protection for medical personnel. Injosedu: International Journal of Social and Education, 2(9), 2772–2783.
Soge, A. D. (2023). Analisis penanganan kesalahan profesi medis dan kesehatan dalam UU Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan menurut perspektif hukum kesehatan. Jurnal Hukum Caraka Justitia, 3(2), 146–164.
Stewart, T. (2024). Ethics and legal principles. In Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner program companion and board certification exam review workbook (pp. 29–52). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. (2019). Decision No. 1441/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Mks.
Tambunan, E. M., Harahap, S. Y., Khalishah, K., Lubis, A. R., & Sitompul, B. V. (2025). Legal accountability and innovative strategies in enhancing healthcare workers’ compliance with the implementation of informed consent and refusal in midwifery services in Medan City. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 6(1), 198–211.
Tamon, O., Setiawan, E. W., & Sapsudin, A. (2025). Legal protection for doctors under law number 17 of 2023 concerning health. Research Horizon, 5(4), 1281–1292.
Tandry, N., Arif, M. J., Siregar, Z., & Rosiwa, R. (2024). The legal protection for patients in medical practice and healthcare services. International Journal of Law, Social Science, and Humanities, 1(2), 100–110.
Utami, N. A. T., & Alawiya, N. (2018). Perlindungan hukum terhadap pelayanan kesehatan tradisional di Indonesia. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi, 2(1), 11–20.
Widjaja, G. (2023). Pelayanan kesehatan bagi pasien menurut UU No. 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(5), 2490–2498.
Wijaya, I. K. G. O. (2017). Putusan majelis kehormatan disiplin kedokteran Indonesia sebagai alat bukti dalam hukum acara pidana. Yuridika, 32(1), 1–20.
Woodman, R. J., & Mangoni, A. A. (2023). A comprehensive review of machine learning algorithms and their application in geriatric medicine: Present and future. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 35(11), 2363–2397.
Yusuf, M., & Ridawati, I. (2025). Legal certainty and legal protection for healthcare professionals in hospital medical practice. In Proceedings of International Conference on Islamic Community Studies (pp. 3175–3184). Medan: Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gina Nada Maulidya, Prisilia Onggo, Odang Suparman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
