Publication Ethics and Misconducts

This journal is committed to upholding the highest ethical standards for all parties involved in the publication process, including authors, editors, peer reviewers, and the publisher. We strictly follow the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and emphasize the following principles. Any article found to be in violation of these ethical standards may be retracted, even after publication. In cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publication, we will report such issues to the relevant authorities. The journal uses plagiarism detection software to screen all submitted manuscripts to ensure academic integrity.

Editors' Responsibilities:

Editors are responsible for making the final decisions regarding the acceptance or rejection of articles, in line with the journal's editorial policies. These decisions are influenced by legal requirements, such as issues of libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. To maintain the integrity of submitted manuscripts, plagiarism detection software is routinely employed, with a maximum acceptance threshold of 20% similarity. Editors may consult with other editors or reviewers, as necessary, to make informed decisions.

Editors must evaluate manuscripts solely based on their intellectual content, without any personal biases related to the author’s race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, citizenship, or political views. Confidentiality is paramount, and editors and editorial staff are required to maintain privacy regarding all manuscript details. Manuscripts should only be shared with relevant parties, including the corresponding author, reviewers, editorial advisers, and the publisher. Editors must also ensure that any privileged information obtained during the review process remains confidential and is not used for personal gain. Any conflicts of interest that arise during the editorial process must be disclosed.

Reviewers' Responsibilities:

Reviewers are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of the manuscripts they review and for reporting any ethical violations, intellectual property concerns, or other issues that could justify rejecting a manuscript. Reviews should focus exclusively on the content of the manuscript to ensure objectivity and fairness. If a reviewer feels they are not qualified to evaluate the manuscript or cannot complete the review in a timely manner, they must inform the editor-in-chief and excuse themselves from the review process.

Authors' Responsibilities:

Authors must present their research findings accurately and transparently, ensuring that the data is not fabricated, falsified, or manipulated in any way. The methods used in the research must be described in sufficient detail to allow replication by other scholars. Authors are responsible for ensuring their work is original and free from plagiarism. All sources of information, data, and references must be properly cited, and fraudulent or misleading statements are strictly prohibited. Authors may be asked to provide raw data for editorial review and must retain such data for a reasonable period after publication to support transparency and reliability.

Furthermore, authors must ensure that their research adheres to ethical guidelines and complies with relevant laws, including obtaining appropriate permissions for studies involving human or animal subjects. Authors are also required to disclose any potential conflicts of interest, including financial support or other relationships that might influence the study’s results or interpretation. All funding sources must be disclosed, and only individuals who have made significant contributions to the research should be listed as authors.

All co-authors must approve the final version of the manuscript and consent to its submission. Authors are prohibited from submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously, and duplicate or redundant publications should be avoided. If any significant errors are identified in their published work, authors must notify the journal promptly and cooperate to correct or retract the paper.

By adhering to these ethical guidelines, we aim to maintain the integrity of the publication process and contribute to the advancement of scholarly research.