Participatory Training and Battery-Powered Milking
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.5.3.2025.995-1006Keywords:
Economic Viability, Participatory Training, Portable Milking Device, Smallholder DairyAbstract
Smallholder goat farmers in Jabung Village, Malang Regency, face significant challenges related to manual milking, including prolonged labor time and limited access to appropriate technologies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a portable, battery-powered milking device in enhancing labor efficiency, technical knowledge, and economic outcomes for these farmers. Using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, the research involved 50 farmers through a baseline survey, co-design process, a six-hour training session, and follow-up evaluation. The results showed that the device reduced the average milking time for five goats from 64 ± 4 minutes to 55 ± 3 minutes, indicating a 14% improvement. Farmers’ technical knowledge also increased significantly, from 42% to 85% after training. User satisfaction was high, averaging 4.2 out of 5, with women reporting greater ergonomic benefits. Economically, the device demonstrated an eight-month payback period based on a milk price of 12,000 Indonesian Rupiah per liter. Furthermore, 80% of farmers were able to operate the device independently after training. These findings suggest that the device holds strong potential to improve smallholder productivity and resilience, contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 and 7. However, limitations include the small sample size and the absence of data on milk quality, indicating the need for broader, long-term research.
Downloads
References
Alvarez, S., Bech, J., & Colino, J. (2016). Battery-operated milking machines: Field trials in remote dairy goat farms. Livestock Production Science, 185(1), 23–29.
Budiarto, A., & Lestari, W. (2022). Microbiological risks in manual milking practices: Implications for smallholder dairy farmers in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Agricultural Science, 27(3), 88–95.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. California: Sage publications.
da Borso, F., Kic, P., & Kante, J. (2022). Labor and economic comparison of bucket and mechanical vacuum milking systems in intensive dairy goat farms. Agriculture, 12(4), 513.
Lemma D, H., Mengistu, A., Kuma, T., & Kuma, B. (2018). Improving milk safety at farm-level in an intensive dairy production system: relevance to smallholder dairy producers. Food Quality and Safety, 2(3), 135-143.
Habtamu, L. D., Mengistu, A., Kuma, T., & Kuma, B. (2018). Improving milk safety at farm-level in an intensive dairy production system: relevance to smallholder dairy producers. Food Quality and Safety, 2(3), 135-143.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020). Milking hygiene and udder health in small-scale dairy systems: Challenges and recommendations. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Gonzalez, R., Martinez, J., & Lopez, M. (2019). Mechanized milking systems in Mediterranean goat farms: Impacts on udder health and milk quality. Small Ruminant Research, 178(2), 45–52.
Gupta, R., & Sharma, S. (2022). Mechanized milking systems and their impact on smallholder dairy farming in India: Productivity and economic benefits. Journal of Dairy Research, 89(3), 245–252.
Hartono, B., & Suryani, E. (2023). Milk quality downgrading in smallholder goat farming: Causes and consequences in East Java. Indonesian Journal of Dairy Technology, 15(1), 34–42.
Husnah, H., & Ichwan, M. I. (2023). Economic and investment opportunities in local level: exploring economic development in an Indonesian Regency. Research Horizon, 3(1), 37-49.
Siregar, A. P., Darwanto, D. H., Mulyo, J. H., Utami, A. W., Pranyoto, A., Perwitasari, H., ... & Widjanarko, N. P. A. (2024). The Trend of Agricultural Sector Resilience in Indonesia During 2008-2020. Journal of Agricultural Sciences–Sri Lanka, 19(2).
Kamau, P., & Mwangi, J. (2020). Portable milking technologies for off-grid dairy farming in East Africa: Efficiency and adoption. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 15(4), 210–218.
Kumari, S., Singh, R., & Sharma, V. (2023). Battery-powered milking technologies for off-grid dairy farming: Design and performance evaluation. Renewable Energy and Agriculture, 45(1), 112–120.
Mulyani, D., & Sarwono, E. (2021). Teknologi tepat guna dalam pemberdayaan peternak kambing perah. Jurnal PPM, 5(2), 45–52.
Muriithi, J. G., & Gichungi, H. (2023). Cost-benefit analysis of affordable agricultural technologies for smallholder farmers in Kenya. African Journal of Agricultural Economics, 18(2), 78–89.
Mwongera, C., Turner, J. W., & Mberia, H. (2019). Off-grid solar-powered milking systems for smallholder goats in East Africa: Labor and hygiene impacts. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 34(2), 117–126.
Nguyen, T. H., Tran, V. D., & Le, Q. P. (2020). Challenges and opportunities in smallholder dairy farming in Vietnam: A focus on manual milking practices. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, 17(1), 45–58.
Patel, R., & Kumar, P. (2022). Participatory training for technology adoption in smallholder dairy systems: Evidence from India. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 28(4), 401–415.
Permana, I., & Nugroho, A. (2023). Context-specific technologies for smallholder dairy farming: Opportunities in rural Indonesia. Journal of Rural Development Studies, 20(1), 67–74.
Prabowo, S., & Rahayu, T. (2021). Rising dairy consumption in urban Indonesia: Trends and implications for the dairy industry. Asian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 12(2), 101–110.
Rahman, M. A., Hossain, M. S., & Islam, M. R. (2021). Socio-economic barriers to technology adoption in smallholder dairy farming: A case study in Bangladesh. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 19(5), 432–446.
Rahmawati, N., & Susilo, F. (2023). Funding constraints in Indonesia’s rural dairy innovation: Challenges and solutions. Journal of Agricultural Policy, 18(3), 123–130.
Sari, N., & Widodo, R. (2022). Growth trends in Indonesia’s dairy sector: The role of commercial dairy operations. Indonesian Journal of Agribusiness, 10(2), 56–64.
Setiawan, H., & Pratama, D. (2020). Smallholder goat farming in rural Indonesia: Contributions to livelihoods and nutrition security. Journal of Tropical Animal Science, 8(4), 78–85.
Sharma, P., & Gupta, R. (2021). Bacterial contamination in manual milking: Impacts on milk shelf life in South Asian dairy systems. Journal of Dairy Science and Technology, 10(3), 145–152.
Sinclair, L. A., & Atkins, N. E. (2013). Effect of milking frequency on milk production and composition in dairy goats. Journal of Animal Science, 91(4), 2030–2038.
Singh, R., Kumar, A., & Gupta, V. (2024). Economic impacts of mechanized milking in South Asian smallholder dairy systems. Journal of Rural Development, 43(1), 55–67.
Tadesse, G., & Yilma, Z. (2021). Milk quality testing and technology adoption in smallholder dairy systems: Evidence from Ethiopia. Journal of Dairy Science and Technology, 12(3), 189–200.
Vilar, M. J., Uriarte, I., & Diéguez, F. J. (2018). Efficiency of different milking machine systems in dairy goats. Small Ruminant Research, 160(1), 22–28.
Wanajma, E. A. (2024). Innovation and Technology Based Digital Marketing Strategy in Increasing E-Commerce Business Sustainability. Economic and Business Horizon, 3(3), 108-113.
Widjaja, T., & Pratama, Y. (2024). Bridging the technology gap in Indonesia’s rural dairy sector: Opportunities for localized innovation. Journal of Agricultural Innovation, 22(1), 89–97.
Wulandari, R., & Santoso, E. (2021). Hygiene standards in smallholder dairy supply chains: Impacts on milk marketability in East Java. Indonesian Journal of Dairy Science, 13(2), 55–62.
Yusuf, M., & Hidayat, A. (2022). Electricity access challenges in rural Indonesia: Implications for agricultural technology adoption. Journal of Rural Infrastructure Studies, 17(2), 101–108.
Zulfikar, A. L., Mahardika, S. G., Maulana, I., & Swandari, S. (2024). Identification of Natural Resource-based Economic Potential around New Indonesian Capital. Economic and Business Horizon, 3(2), 1-10
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Slamet Nurhadi, Imron Ridzki, Sigit Setya Wiwaha, Rohmanita Duanaputri, Popong Effendrik, Binar Surya Gumilang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
