Artificial Intelligence Competition between China and the United States: Implications for Global Industrial Competitiveness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54518/jaei.4.1.2026.1471Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, China, Global Industrial Competitiveness, Smart Manufacturing, United StatesAbstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed modern manufacturing systems and emerged as a key driver of global industrial competitiveness. The technological competition between China and the United States has accelerated innovation in AI, smart manufacturing, semiconductor technologies, industrial robotics, and the transition toward Industry 5.0. This study aims to analyze AI development in both countries and examine its implications for global industrial competitiveness through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and analyzed Scopus-indexed journal articles published over the last five years. Eligible studies were synthesized using thematic analysis to identify technological trends, innovation strategies, AI implementation in manufacturing, and future research opportunities. The findings indicate that the United States maintains leadership in fundamental AI research, software innovation, and high-performance computing, whereas China demonstrates significant strengths in large-scale smart manufacturing implementation and government-supported innovation ecosystems. The integration of AI with the Industrial Internet of Things, digital twins, industrial robotics, and cyber-physical production systems has substantially improved productivity, operational efficiency, manufacturing flexibility, and industrial resilience. The review highlights the strategic importance of AI in strengthening industrial competitiveness and provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry practitioners in supporting sustainable intelligent manufacturing and future technological innovation
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