Civil Society and Democratic Governance: An International Legal Perspective

Authors

Hoiruddin Hasibuan Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang, Semarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54518/ldi.3.2.2025.1347

Keywords:

Civil Society, Democratic Governance, Freedom Of Association, Civic Participation, Accountability, International Law

Abstract

Civil society plays an important role in democratic governance by promoting participation, accountability, and public oversight. This study examines the relationship between civil society and democratic governance through a qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Defenders. Using the PRISMA 2020 framework, relevant literature published between 2020 and 2025 was systematically reviewed. The findings indicate that civil society strengthens democratic governance by enhancing citizen participation, supporting accountability mechanisms, promoting democratic legitimacy, and contributing to democratic resilience. However, challenges related to shrinking civic space, restrictions on civic freedoms, threats against human rights defenders, and digital governance continue to affect civic engagement. The study concludes that protecting civil society remains essential for sustaining democratic governance.

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Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Hasibuan, H. (2025). Civil Society and Democratic Governance: An International Legal Perspective. Law and Democracy Insight, 3(2), 116–133. https://doi.org/10.54518/ldi.3.2.2025.1347