International Trade and Economic Growth: A Contemporary Literature Review

Abstract

International trade is one of the most important factors influencing economic growth in the era of globalization. Through export and import activities, countries gain opportunities to expand markets, improve production efficiency, access advanced technologies, and enhance economic competitiveness. This study aims to examine the relationship between international trade and economic growth using a literature review approach. The data were obtained from relevant scholarly articles and academic publications published over the last five years. A qualitative analysis was conducted by identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing previous findings related to exports, imports, trade openness, and economic growth. The results indicate that exports consistently contribute positively to economic growth by stimulating production, investment, and national income. Meanwhile, imports can also support economic growth when utilized to acquire capital goods, technologies, and productive inputs that enhance industrial efficiency. Furthermore, trade openness plays an important role in promoting innovation, technology transfer, and integration into global value chains. The findings suggest that international trade serves as a strategic instrument for supporting sustainable economic growth in an increasingly interconnected global economy.